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| Mound House |
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| People and Plants |
People and Plants
The story of people and plants provides a continuous thread from the Calusa to early Estero Island settlers, and to the present and future generations. With all the great advances in science and technology, people still rely on natural resources to provide food, medicine, rules, building materials, textiles, and dyes.
Plants Fuel a Society
Fire is important to the development of cultures. The Calusa used fire to cook, and to help carve out logs to create canoes. Archaeologists who studied this shell mound gathered a sample of the soil to be tested for botanicals. The test yielded 19,340 botanical items - 90% of which were charred wood. The most common was mangroves (77%), followed by pine or oak (21%). In addition to wood, researchers identified nutshells and nutmeat, seeds, and grass stems.
Edible Plants
The Calusa diet was centered on aquatic foods, yet research shows they also gathered seasonal nuts, seeds, and fruit. Nuts found during the excavation were primarily high-protein acorns and 91% of the seeds collected were saw palmetto seeds. Many of these seeds were found together indicating the Calusa gathered the seeds when seasonally available.
Frond Shelters
Whether it was the Calusa, the Cuban fisherman who set up ranchos or coastal fishing camps, or the late 19th-century settlers-everyone needed shelter. They survived by using natural materials to create protective structures. Palm fronds and tree trunks could be assembled together with twine made from Spanish moss. Perhaps their “houses” were similar to this circa 1910 palm shack. Records indicate that the first homesteader, Robert Gilbert, built a thatched structure on the mound site.
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| Plants and Progress |
Plants and Progress
It is hard to imagine now, but when the earliest settlers arrived on the Mound the surrounding habitat was very different. Native plants dominated the landscape. Years would pass before the Estero Island settlers could profit from agricultural pursuits.
A Case of Fruit From the Case Grove
By the early 1900s, settlers were raising tropical fruit crops with some success. The coastal hammock or hardwood tree grove, west of the mound was converted into orchards and fields. This is where William and Milia Case raised figs, bananas, grapefruits, mangos, papayas, tomatoes, and limes. They likely sold their fruits to local markets.
Fort Myers Cash Crop
Farming was a predominant industry on the island as well as on the mainland. Many farmers experimented by growing a wide variety of products including grapes, oranges, avocados, grapefruits, pineapples, sapodillas, coconuts, and peaches. Eventually, grapefruit emerged as the leading cash crop in the Fort Myers area. By 1915, statewide citrus production reached 10 million boxes a year.
Walk Through the Garden of History
You walk along the paths of the Mound House site and look for a variety of tropical fruit trees. While the Case family planted similar botanicals, these are newly planted to show the diversity of the crops grown on the setter’s properties over the past 100 years.
