Nature interpretive Trial at Dauphin Island

Water for Life

Life on Earth is dependent on clean water. Water quality is defined as the stability of water for a particular use. A definition of good water is different for drinking water than for a lake. Because water is essential for life, we monitor different chemicals and physical and biological characteristics to ensure good water quality. 

Water, Water Everywhere

Water in the ground, called groundwater, is an essential source of water on Earth. The ground differs in different places; some materials hold water better than others. An aquifer is an area of ground that holds water well/. Water moves into the ground from rain, snow melt, or other sources. Then it sins until it reaches a layer it can't move through. This layer might be clay or certain kinds of rock.

Water can fill aquifers, where deep water might remain for hundreds of years, and shallow water can flow to places where it reaches the surface, like ponds, lakes, and springs. 

There is much more freshwater in the ground than on Earth's surface, and groundwater is drawn out using wells. 

Water Quality=Quality of Life

To evaluate a pond's ability to support life, we might measure characteristics like the following: dissolved oxygen(DO)-because fish and most other aquatic animals breathe DO: PH-if pHis too far from neutral, either acidic or basic, organisms may be unable to survive; water temperature-warmer water holds less oxygen, so animals might avoid areas of high temperature. In this pond, we might also check salinity (the salt concentration) at certain times.

Freshwater has a salinity of  0 ppt (parts salt per thousand parts water). When Dauphin Island is hit by a hurricane, saltwater may wash over parts of the island and enter the pond or the groundwater. This can affect the island's human population, which uses groundwater in their homes, and the animals that live in the pond.

These are just a few examples of water qualities that might affect those using the water. 

At Gaillard Lake, you can see where the water table becomes a like surface. When you look at the lake, can you tell oxygen, pH, temperature, or salinity levels? Does the water look dirty?

You may not be able to determine levels by looking, but if you pay attention, you might notice hints about a lake's water quality. Can you find a diversity of fish, turtles, alligators, frogs, or insects in the water? Are birds feeding from the lake? These signs suggest good water quality, but they are not definitive-sometimes animals are forced to use poor-quality lakes. The water cooler is not a definite marker either - this lake is often brown, like tea. This is natural. It is from tannins that leach out of soaking leaves or pine needles.

Aquatic invertebrates are used to assess water quality. Some, like those seen above (larvae of left to right: caddisfly, stonefly, and mayfly), have a low tolerance for pollution. The water quality is likely good if they are found in a sample. Others, like the pouch snail and mosquito larva at left, have a high tolerance for pollution. If a sample has mostly animals like these and very few of those from the first group, water quality is likely poor. 

In the U. S., for water intended for human use, there are established standards for acceptable levels of dissolved or suspended matter, like bacteria, heavy metals, and others that are potentially harmful. Our municipal water usually follows a path such as this one: water is withdrawn from a natural source, filtered and sterilized, piped into our homes; flushed down our drains; filtered, treated, and the solid waster is taken to one disposal site, while the water is released back to a natural location. Water used in homes on Dauphin Island is groundwater from the island (it is not piped in). Processed water is stored in the water tower on the right. 

Nature Interpretive Trial at Dauphin Island

Nature Interpretive Trail 

Audubon Bird Sanctuary Trail

These yellow sections of the trail to the Gulf and around the lake include several signs to help the visitors better understand and appreciate the unique environment of the Audubon Bird Sanctuary.

Mike Henderson Project Supervisor. Additional identification by Ralph Havard, McCune Dudley, and John Porter 

Signs construction/installation-Greg Vesely, Candy Ladnier, Anthony Young

Please Help Protect your park

The Dauphin Island Park & Beach and Alabama State Lands 

Department of Conversation and Natural Resources

Funding for this project in part by the Coastal Zone Management Act 1972

As amended, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

Foreign Invasion 

Organisms that arrive in an ecosystem where they did not evolve are called exotic, non-native, or alien. Of those, the ones that harm their new ecosystem are invasive. There are several species on Dauphin Island. A few of them are highlighted below. 

Infiltration 

Plants, animals, and other organisms are moved from their native lands differently. These pathways of introduction often involve humans who accidentally or intentionally move them.

A few examples include the release of exotic pets, escape from aquaculture operations, spread from garden plantings, transport in ships ballast water, and transport of fruits and vegetables. As humans move more people and goods worldwide, there is more potential for moving organisms into places that cause harm. 

Setting in: Once in a new place, some organisms settle in more successfully than others. Certain factors allow an introduced species to become invasive:

They are adaptable-they can survive in a range of climates, habitats, and soil types; they eat a wide variety.

They reproduce quickly and have lots of offspring. 

They spread out to new areas

Few animals will eat them in the new habitat. 

They competed aggressively for resources. 

How does this affect us?

Biodiversity is the variety of life. It can be defined at different levels, from diversity within a species to that in a particular forest to that of the entire Earth. The higher the biodiversity for a given area, the healthier the species or ecosystem because it is more resilient to disease or disturbance, such as fire or flood. 

Humans need healthy ecosystems for many reasons. We are more nutritious with a diversity of organisms for food and medicine. Functioning ecosystems provide essential services such as water filtration, oxygen production, and nursery habitat. 

Invasive species threaten biodiversity either by directly killing native species or by taking resources from them so they die or stop breeding. 

Reptiles and Amphibians of the Dauphin Island Bird Sanctuary

Reptiles and Amphibians of Dauphin Island Bird Sanctuary

Galliard Lake and Tupelo Swamp

Cottonmouth 

2-4 feet

AKA water moccasin. This poisonous aquatic snake is thick-bodied and will gape when threatened to show its white mouth lining.

Common Snapping Turtle

6-15 inches. 

Often confused with the less-common alligator snapping turtle, these turtles are not aggressive unless removed from the water.

American alligator

4-8 feet 

Individuals of this large shy aquatic species periodically "raft" to the island from the rivers north of Mobile.

Florida Smooth Softshell 

6-15 inches

With its flat, leathery shell, this turtle easily dusts from others. Its death includes crawfish, insects, fish, and frogs. 

Central Newt

2-4 inches

This reclusive salamander prefers quiet pools without fish. The left, a terrestrial intermediate stage, can be found under rotting wood. 

Pig Frog

2-6 inches

This large frog inhabits permanent bodies of water surrounded by vegetation. 

Their mating call is a distinct, loud, and resonant grunt.

Lists sixes are typical of Dauphin Island representatives

The project was led by Brian Jones, funded by Mobile Bay NEP, and made possible by Dauphin Island Park and Beach Board.

All photographs by Brian Young ("except the alligator photo by Boon Harada) 

Nature Interpretive Trial at Dauphin Island 

Nature Interpretive Trial at Dauphin Island 

Nature Interpretive Trial at Dauphin Island 

World Coral Exhibit at Cozumel Mexico 2018

World Coral Exhibit 

Coral and Sponges of Cozumel

Brain Coral 

Brain Coral is a common name given to several genera of coral. These corals are characterized by the spheroid shape of their colonies and by the grooves and channels on their surface, which resemble the folds on the surface of the human brain. Brain coral is in the taxonomic family Faviidae, but not every genus is brain-shaped. 

Brain corals are found in warm-water coral reefs in all the world's oceans. They are in a class called "sea flowers," known as Anthozoa or Phylum Cnidaria. 

The lifespan of the largest brain corals is 200 years. 

WHIP CORAL (Eptogorgia Virgulata)

Whip coral has slender, whip-like branches that vary in color from deep purple to yellowish-tan. The long branches are covered in coral polyps, like tiny white dots against the coral's skeleton. 

Whip Coral can grow about three feet tall on rocks, reefs, pilings, and other hard surfaces. 

Whip corals are suspension feeders. Each polyp covering the coral's skeleton has eight feathery, saw-toothed tentacles that periodically emerge to sweep plankton and tiny particles into the coral's body.

STAR CORAL(Galaxea fascicularis)

Star coral is a hard coral species with a stone-like calcium skeleton. Small, oval stubs rise from the yellowish-tan central core, each containing a delicate star-shaped polyp. Star Coral is commonly found throughout the Caribbean and the West Indies and usually grows to about 12 inches in height.

ELKHORN CORAL

Elkhorn Coral is a large, branching shallow water coral with thick, sturdy antler-like branches. Colonies are fast-growing: branches increased by 2-4 inches (5-10cm) per year, with colonies reaching their maximum size in approximately 10 to 12 years.  

YELLOW TUBE SPONGES (Aplysina Fistularia)

The yellow tube sponge displays one of the many different body forms typical of sponges. Sponges, considered the most primitive of the multi-cellular animals, are represented in the fossil record of the Cambrian Period, at least 600 million years ago. The interior body cavities 

Coral Reefs

Coral Reefs are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem, rivaled only by tropical rainforests on land. Corals have grown over geologic time and have existed for nearly 200 million years. They reached their current level of diversity 50 million years ago. 

The delicately balanced marine environment of the coral reefs relies on the interaction of hard and soft corals, sponges, anemones, snails, rays, crabs, lobsters, turtles, dolphins, and other sea life.

A coral reef comprises thin plates or layers of calcium carbonate secreted over thousands of years by billions of tiny soft-bodied animals called coral polyps. It takes years for some corals to grow an inch, ranging in size from a pinhead to a foot in length. Each polyp secretes a calcareous exoskeleton and lives in a symbiotic relationship with a host alga, zooxanthellae, which gives the coral its color.

Zooxanthellae take in carbon dioxide, process it through photosynthesis, and then give off oxygen as a by-product used by the host polyp. A million polyps are grown on top of the limestone remains of former colonies to create the massive reefs, yet these tiny animals form the only natural formation.

Corals are divided into two types, and both are stationary on the ocean floor. Hard corals such as the brain, star, staghorn, elkhorn, and pillar corals have rigid exoskeletons, or Corallites, that protect their soft, delicate bodies. 

Gorgonians, or soft corals like sea fans, sea whips, and sea rods, sway with the currents and lack an exoskeleton. 

World Coral Exhibit 

World Coral Exhibit 

World Coral Exhibit 

World Coral Exhibit 

The Cozumel Reef System 

The Great Maya Barrier Reef, also known as the Mesoamerican Reef, extends from the Northern Yucatan to Honduras and is actually the second-largest barrier reef system in the world. The 32-km (20-mile) long reef system in Cozumel is located just off the southern Leeward coast. Over the years, the Yucatan Current has carved an extensive labyrinth unparalleled by any other reef in the Caribbean. 

In 1961, the famous oceanographer Jacques Yves Cousteau came to Cozumel with his crew on the Calypso to film a documentary. Since the film's first airing, Cozumel has consistently been on top of many diving lists as a diver's destination.

Through a guided tour of Cozumel's rich underwater topography, it is standard to see vast coral heads, brilliant sponges, hundreds of tropical fish, rich ecosystems, and steep walls that sink into the abyss. Tunnels and caves twist through the reef, providing a rich environment for many species.

Most of the diving sites in Cozumel are located within the Cozumel Reefs National Marine Park, a protected underwater environment covering 29,000 + acres. A voluntary $2.00 US donation/fee from divers was implemented to fund the conservation.

Threats to Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are one of our threatened marine ecosystems

Scientists estimate that unless we take immediate action, we could lose up to 70 percent of the world's coral reefs by 2050.

Nature's Threats: Storms and Predators

Reefs are frequently disturbed by natural events. Hurricanes and tropical storms can reduce reefs to rubble. Black band disease spreads over colonies, progressively killing the polyps and often affecting corals. In the Indo-Pacific, the Crown-of-thorns Starfish feeds voraciously on coral and, if present in large numbers, can reduce a reef to an amass of dead coral skeletons in just a few weeks. 

Greenhouse Threats

Global climate change, or the enhanced greenhouse effect, may cause increases in sea temperature and sea level and changes in the oceans' current patterns, which could damage coral reefs. Corals are susceptible to changes in temperature. Seawater that becomes too warm causes coral to turn white or bleach, a reaction that occurs if coral polyps are stressed. Often, they recover, but they are also known to die. 

If the oceans warm due to global climate change, corals may have increasing difficulty recovering from bleaching episodes.

Cozumel Coral Reef

Although there are more than 30 chartered reefs and countless sites to choose from, Cozumel's coral reefs can be divided into 3 types. 

On vertical walls like Palancar Reef and Santa Rosa, with depths from 40 to 130 feet, you'll find gorgonian and plate coral, enormous colorful sponges, and a splendid assortment of reef and pelagic species. Jacques Cousteau made the Palancar Reef famous, making Cozumel one of the most known diving spots in the world. 

Pinnacles like Punta Sur and Palancar Horseshoe, with depths from 40-70 feet, are maze-like structures with tall, statuesque pinnacles and wide coral shelves. Here, you can swim through tunnels, in and out of caves, and between dramatic towering coral. 

For less experienced divers or snorkelers, coral gardens make exciting first experiences. These 20-40 foot deep coral patches don't have the lushness of sponge and coral life found further from shore. However, they are one of the best places to dive or snorkel and experience the rich abundance of fish life that flourishes in these lush waters. The Tormentors Reef has been known to have explosives of colorful sponges and gorgonians. 

Ecosystem Importance

Vast numbers of species inhabit coral reefs, making them second only to rainforests in species riches. This extensive diversity results from all of its inhabitants carefully sharing the reef. More fish species are found on reefs than anywhere else in the sea, ranging from large sharks to tiny gobies. It is believed that about 90% of all species are small invertebrates yet to be discovered. These, like many of the tiny mollusks and crustaceans that are already known, will never be seen by divers and snorkelers as they are animals that live in crackers and crevices. They are equivalent to the insects of tropical rainforests. Southeast Asia has the most incredible diversity of reef plants and animals, ranging from the Philippines to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Here, a single reef may have over 3,000 different types of plants and animals. Diversity is lower in the Caribbean as a result of the geological history of this region, but up to a thousand species may still inhabit the rich reefs. 

Coral reefs are a vital part of an ecosystem. They represent the skeletons of algae and corals solidified into calcium carbonate. Depending on their relationship to the shore, there are several different types of reefs, including an apron, fringing, table, and barrier. Regarding the ecosystem, coral reefs support considerable sea life by recycling nutrients in nutrient-low parts of the ocean, providing life and health for the surrounding sea life, and feeding off it to produce new reef formations. These also represent home to various tropical fish and other sea organisms, such as lobsters and sea turtles. Pollution and the live food fish trade have developed into serious threats to the delicate ecosystem balance that the coral reef inhabits. For example, if a forest is destroyed during coastal construction, the run-off of nutrients can saturate the waters and suffocate organisms adapting to a low-nutrient environment. Similarly, excessive fishing, most notably using cyanide, destroys the structure of the reef and the organisms it depends on to sustain itself. 

Commerce's Threat to Coral Reefs

Shells on Shelves

Corals and shells are collected worldwide to sell as souvenirs or to make jewelry and other handicrafts. 

Several kinds of mollusks are now rare on reefs because of over-collecting. In many countries, coral is also found on the reef and used to build houses and make roads or is burnt to produce lime. Where this happens, reefs are often stripped bare. Sustainable management of reefs will mean regulation of these industries and better enforcement of existing legislation to ensure that the resources and the people who depend on them have a long-term future.

A Paradise for Tourists

Millions of tourists visit coral reefs each year, and in many countries, reef-related tourism is now the primary source of foreign exchange. However, corals are easily broken by trampling when people walk out to the reef; snorkelers and divers may kill polyps simply by touching coral colonies, and anchors and ships grounding can destroy large reef areas.

Though tourism can damage reefs, it can play a significant role in saving them if carefully managed. The tourism industry can promote and assist in developing marine parks, mooring buoy projects to prevent anchor damage, public awareness campaigns, and local initiatives to promote sustainable coastal management.

Life of Coral Reefs

Coral reefs depend upon mangroves and seagrass for survival. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees with submerged roots that are a nursery and breeding ground for birds and most of the marine life that migrates to the reef. Mangroves trap and produce nutrients for food and habitat, stabilize the shoreline and filter pollutants from the land base. Seagrasses flower marine plants that are an essential part of the food web. They provide food and habitat for turtles, manatees, fish, filter-feeding organisms, and foraging sea life, such as sea urchins and sea cumbers. Seagrass is a nursery for pink shrimp, lobster, snapper, and other sea life. 

They filter the water of sediments, release oxygen, and stabilize the base.

As many as 250 different species of fish can be seen in Cozumel's waters; one of the most spectacular is the Queen Angelfish, which possesses bright blue-and-yellow markings and a distinctive blue "crown" on the top of the head. The Splendid Toadfish is found only in Cozumel. Making its home in the holes along the reef, this fish grows from 12 to 16 inches in length.

Besides the Splendid Toadfish, some of the most beautiful and colorful tropical fish can be found in the warm water of Cozumel.

Divers will likely see grouper, barracudas, turtles, butterflyfish, parrotfish, and stingrays, as well as angelfish, moray eels, nurse sharks, octopuses, snakes, crabs, and giant lobsters.

Coral reefs are in tropical oceans, typically between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn. However, there are exceptions, such as the Florida Keys. The largest coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. 

The second-largest barrier coral reef is off the coast of Belize in Central America. Other reefs are found in Hawaii, the Red Sea, and other areas in tropical oceans. Coral reefs, including Australia's Great Barrier Reef and Fiji's Barrier Reef, occupy less than one-quarter of one percent of the Earth's marine environment yet are home to more than a quarter of all known fish species.

Carnival CoEarth'son & Pic Commitment to Our Environment

Carnival understands that our future depends mainly on the health of the world's oceans. The line aggressively seeks both high- and low-tech solutions to manage its fleet's environmental impact and preserve natural resources. Below are a few ways Carnival manages and preserves this impact. 

An extensive waste-management plan for collecting, storing, processing, and disposing all waste generated aboard Carnival vessels meets or exceeds international and domestic laws and regulations. Carnival ships are regulated by various international, national, state, and local laws, regulations, and treaties in force in the ship's jurisdictions. 

Carnival has received certification for its ISO14001 Environmental Management System. The Requirement for Standardization is an internationally recognized standards organization that promotes developing and implementing international standards, including those for environmental management issues. 

Solid waste is processed and incinerated on board whenever possible. 

Carnival educates and encourages its guests to participate in its recycling program. Food, glass, aluminum, and plastics are collected in separate bins in public areas, open decks, steward stations, galley and crew areas, room service pantries, and bar pantries. 

Cooking oil and graces are stored in exceptional holding thanks after use and used onboard as an alternate fuel source on all Carnival ships. 

Additionally, Carnival lines donate various items, such as mattresses, televisions, blankets, and computers that can no longer be used aboard the ships but are still in usable condition, to local organizations in both home ports and ports of call.

Carnival has also formed an alliance with the International SeaKeepers Society and has installed a scientific data-gathering device on the Carnival Trump and Carnival Spirit to monitor ocean water quality. The device tracts a wide range of data, which is transmitted via satellite to various environmental groups, governmental agencies, and universities to aid in assessing ocean pollution and researching global climate changes and cyclic weather patterns.

It's never too late!

An angel took my hand, and he said I have something to show you.
We stopped right above my grave.
People were standing next to my tombstone, they were talking.

The angel said, do you know these people? I did not recognize them.
I overheard one say, I know I would have loved him!
What did she mean?
The young man's eyes looked like mine, but how could that be?

 Then, I heard one of them say, now I know where my dad gets his mannerism.
 Were they talking about me?
 Could this be the son of the girl I once knew so many years ago?
Let me think!
Yes, there was this pretty freckled face girl, she was my first love.
I can still see her face, her long red hair, and those skinny legs.

I heard the girl say, I hate we found everyone too late to meet him.
Wow!
Could the young man and young woman be my grandchildren? They look old enough to have children of their own.
How did they find me?
Who told them about me?
What happens to that freckled face girl?

When my marriage failed, I went in search of the freckled face girl but, she had married another.

One day I saw my son, he did not see me and seeing him weighed heavily on my heart.
I wanted to tell him who I was and that I loved him, but instead I chose to walk away.

I spent many years in Chicago and married twice.
After dad died I moved south to be near relatives.
Tried marriage one more time we were married for eighteen years.

When I was a teenager my parents divorced.
Dad and I moved away, and sis stayed with mother.

Dad was a baby when his mother died so his sibling raised and spoiled him.
We moved in with one of dad's sisters until we could get back on our feet.
We both worked odd jobs, and work was slow.

When we left home all we had was the shirts we were wearing.
I was wearing my favorite yellow shirt when I met that freckled face girl.
She always called me the boy in the yellow shirt.

The angel took my hand he said, son, this is the family you never knew.
I once held that young man with red curly hair now with a touch of gray.
My how time does fly!

Several times I asked the freckled face girl, with long skinny legs, to marry me.
But her answer was always no.
I wanted to take her back to Chicago with me.
She said I am too young to be so far away from home.
Mom and dad will take care of us.
She said that she loved me but, love was not enough.

Tears streamed down the faces of the strangers at my grave.
The angel took me to get a closer look.
My hand fell upon the man's head. He reached up and we touched.
The man said, dad, I know you are here.

The last thing I remember while I was still on this earth, was my car veering to the right and I struck a guardrail.
I tried to steer my car back onto the road when I saw a headlight. I was too late, the car was too fast.
With a loud crash, my life was gone.
An angel came to carry me home.

My family watched as they lowered my body into the dark grave.
A shell of a body lies buried beneath the earth, but my soul lives in heaven.

My soul longed for my lost son, and now he's come in search of me.
The Lord has healed my soul. A man without pain.
The angel said your son needs healing of the soul.
That is why he has come in search of you.

The grandchildren needed to know their roots.
There was always a puzzle piece that did not fit in the older man's life.

I know someday our paths will cross.
It will be eternally.

What a sweet reunion that will be!
Well enough of this rambling! What are they leaving! They did not stay long enough! I wanted to know more!
Angel, will they come back?

1992 ~Camargue lines, bold colors, movement! Art

I did this piece in College at Faulkner University in Huntsville, Alabama
I chose this piece of art because of the lines, movement, and bold colors used!

This piece of art is a powerful use of illusions of energy and grace.
The unique style of lines is a precise and elegant topography of motion.
This piece expresses life and motion.
The subject is not the major part of the piece, but the artist is trying to bring life to the piece by using the vertical placement of lines in the horse's hair.

The artist uses contour hatching in the horse's body and cross-hatching in the spaces around the horse.
The artist used bold colors which gives movement to the horse.
He uses blue/green on his body, he uses pink/black in his mane, he uses purple/pink on his legs.

The body of the horse is large in contrast to his surroundings which show motion.

Why do I like this piece?
The use of bold colors, and the way the artist brings life to each line he draws.
The horse represents life, the struggle for survival. This picture would bring life and color to a very dull room.
Even a child would enjoy this colorful piece.

The Camargue horse is an ancient breed of horse indigenous to the Camargue area in southern France.

By artist Guillaume Azoulay

What is time?

Every minute of every day

is given to us

how we use it

is up to us,

http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/01/09/hand-god-spotted-by-nasa-space-telescope/

https://search.yahoo.com/search?ei=utf-8&fr=aaplw&p=god's+hand+reaching+to+man

God reaching out his hand for a man!

If we spend our time

wisely,

we will reap

a reward,
https://search.yahoo.com/search?ei=utf-8&fr=aaplw&p=heaven

Stairway to heaven

If we waste our time,

it will never

come

back

From birth to the grave

Time is not

the minutes

on a

clock

Time ticking away

Time comes from

above

sent here

with

love

Love

Spend your time

wisely,

waste not a

minute

Downtown Disney time well spent

Time spent

is but

the blink

of an

eye!

Just a blink of the eye!