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Whether the Weather
Look for the weather station seen in the photo below. It is maintained by the Dauphin Island Sea Lab, along with several others in and around Mobile Bay.
What does this Station Measure?
Atmospheric measurements:
Underwater measurements:
How is the Data Used?
These data can be used in many different ways. Here are just a few examples: Researchers at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab might use them to better understand phenomena such as low-oxygen events that cause fish kills in Mobile Bay. Climate scientists might input the data into a model that will predict sea level rise. It might be used to analyze hurricane strength as the storm passes the station.
Who is NOAA?
"NOAA" stands for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The U.S. Government established this scientific agency in 1970. It has many responsibilities, including research into Earth's weather, climate, and oceans, issuing daily weather forecasts and severe storm warnings, and providing citizens, planners, emergency managers, and policymakers with reliable information when they need it. Some NOAA offices that you may be familiar with include the National Weather Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service, and the National Ocean Service.
What is a Computer Model?
You might be familiar with weather or storm prediction models used by forecasters on your local news stations. Computer models are algorithms that use measured data to simulate systems. The simulations might make predictions or illustrate predictions that have already happened.
The speed at which computers can process numbers has made the use of models practical. Accuracy depends on the quality of understanding of natural processes across different systems, and the algorithms used to simulate them are continually improving. The more data that goes into a model, the more precise it can be.
The image below left shows a computer model's prediction of storm surge from Hurricane Ivan.
This kind of prediction is used to issue warnings to residents of areas that are expected to flood.
The image below the middle shows the track of Hurricane Ivan as measured. Its landfall was 30 miles east of what was predicted. One major limitation forecasters face is incomplete data coverage, especially over the oceans. Much of the needed data is only collected by data boys at a few points on the surface of the sea.
The image below, on the right, was created from measured data, not to make a prediction, but to illustrate the actual storm flooding from Hurricane Ivan.
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The invertebrate trail is an action based on the award-winning Public Broadcasting System series "The Shape of Life."
These plaques represent 8 different Phyla, or groups of invertebrates with specific body plans, ranging from simple to complex. Each phylum appeared in the oceans during the Cambrian Period, about 530 million years ago. These plaques are designed so students can make rubbings of each one for classroom study.
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The Living Marsh
Dedicated to the Memory of Beth Ladner; 1974-1991
"A Teacher's Friend" Discovery Hall Student 1985, 1989, 1990
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Salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth.
They provide food, refuge, and user habitats for many animals, filter runoff that drains into our coastal waters, and buffer our coastlines from damaging storm surges. Salt marshes are declining at an alarming rate due to coastal development and environmental stress-induced erosion.
The devices installed in the Living Marsh are called flume traps. They are part of a study designed to determine how closely the ecology of this created marsh mirrors that of a natural marsh also located on Dauphin Island (above). The flume traps sample animals that enter the vegetation to forage and hide from predators.
Flume traps allow the animals to enter the marsh vegetation as the tide rises (A, Above center). The trap is closed at high tide (B), and as the tide goes out, fish, crabs, shrimp, and other animals are collected in the net.
We then identify and count the animals we catch in the created marsh and compare them with those seen in the reference marsh.
We also compare the animals that live in the mud and among the marsh grass roots by taking cores from the marsh bottom (below). These small animals, many of which require a microscope to see, including worms and small shrimp, burrow into the sediment.
We also compare how the animals interact with each other in the retired and natural marshes. We are particularly interested in how intensely blue crabs feed on marsh periwinkles (see below). We tether snails to the bases of marsh-grass shoots at each marsh and allow crabs to attack and eat the bait during a set period. We also compare the number of repaired shell cracks (signs of failed attacks by crabs) in the snail populations at each site. This allows us to compare how intensively crabs are using resources in the marsh.
We hope this research will help us understand how new marshes develop over time and what we can do to help newly created marshes provide all of the benefits of natural salt marsh habitats.
Upper Right: Blue crab
Right: Snail tethered to marsh grass and (inset) shell scar inflicted by the blue crab. Marked by the arrow.
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